- Home
- spike meaning
- SARS-CoV-2 spike protein promotes inflammatory cytokine activation and aggravates rheumatoid arthritis, Cell Communication and Signaling
SARS-CoV-2 spike protein promotes inflammatory cytokine activation and aggravates rheumatoid arthritis, Cell Communication and Signaling
5 (398) · $ 7.50 · In stock
Background Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) induces inflammation, autoantibody production, and thrombosis, which are common symptoms of autoimmune diseases, including rheumatoid arthritis (RA). However, the effect of COVID-19 on autoimmune disease is not yet fully understood. Methods This study was performed to investigate the effects of COVID-19 on the development and progression of RA using a collagen-induced arthritis (CIA) animal model. Human fibroblast-like synoviocytes (FLS) were transduced with lentivirus carrying the SARS-CoV-2 spike protein gene in vitro, and the levels of inflammatory cytokine and chemokine expression were measured. For in vivo experiments, CIA mice were injected with the gene encoding SARS-CoV-2 spike protein, and disease severity, levels of autoantibodies, thrombotic factors, and inflammatory cytokine and chemokine expression were assessed. In the in vitro experiments, the levels of inflammatory cytokine and chemokine expression were significantly increased by overexpression of SARS-CoV-2 spike protein in human FLS. Results The incidence and severity of RA in CIA mice were slightly increased by SARS-CoV-2 spike protein in vivo. In addition, the levels of autoantibodies and thrombotic factors, such as anti-CXC chemokine ligand 4 (CXCL4, also called PF4) antibodies and anti-phospholipid antibodies were significantly increased by SARS-CoV-2 spike protein. Furthermore, tissue destruction and inflammatory cytokine level in joint tissue were markedly increased in CIA mice by SARS-CoV-2 spike protein. Conclusions The results of the present study suggested that COVID-19 accelerates the development and progression of RA by increasing inflammation, autoantibody production, and thrombosis. Video Abstract
SARS-CoV-2 spike protein induces inflammation via TLR2-dependent activation of the NF-κB pathway
Inflammation Triggered by SARS-CoV-2 and ACE2 Augment Drives Multiple Organ Failure of Severe COVID-19: Molecular Mechanisms and Implications
The spike protein of SARS-CoV-2 induces endothelial inflammation through integrin α5β1 and NF-κB signaling - ScienceDirect
SARS-CoV-2 spike protein promotes inflammatory cytokine activation and aggravates rheumatoid arthritis, Cell Communication and Signaling
CXCL4/PF4 ELISA DY595 from R&D Systems, a Bio-Techne Brand
Potential protective effects of Huanglian Jiedu Decoction against COVID-19-associated acute kidney injury: A network-based pharmacological and molecular docking study
CXCL4/PF4 ELISA DY595 from R&D Systems, a Bio-Techne Brand
PDF) SARS-CoV-2 spike protein promotes inflammatory cytokine activation and aggravates rheumatoid arthritis
Frontiers SARS-CoV-2 and Emerging Variants: Unmasking Structure, Function, Infection, and Immune Escape Mechanisms
Reactive Oxygen Species in Inflammation and Tissue Injury
FOXP3 Antibody PE 12-5773-82 from Thermo Fisher Scientific
SARS-CoV-2 spike protein induces inflammation via TLR2-dependent activation of the NF-κB pathway
SARS-CoV-2 spike protein induces inflammation via TLR2-dependent activation of the NF-κB pathway
APC anti-mouse CD25 102012 from BioLegend
Frontiers G-Protein-Coupled Receptors in Rheumatoid Arthritis: Recent Insights into Mechanisms and Functional Roles
